| People with low body stores of selenium have a greater
chance of developing cancer, heart disease, inflammatory disease,
cataracts, and signs of premature aging. Low blood and liver levels
of the mineral are also common among persons suffering from chronic
liver disease. Even a marginal selenium deficiency can be detrimental,
negatively affecting mood, anxiety, and energy levels.
Deficiencies of the mineral in crops and soil has
been linked to cancer rates in many locations. Cancer death rates
have been shown to be much less in areas where the mineral content
of the soil is highest. Selenium has been shown to be protective
against esophageal, stomach, colon, and rectal cancers.
For women, boosting selenium intake appears to exert
a powerful effect against the development of breast cancer. A
study conducted at the University of California at San Diego found
that after increasing the selenium content of the diet, the breast
cancer rate dropped from 82% to 10% in female mice.1 A study conducted
two years later at the University of California at San Francisco
supports this finding.2 This study compared the average Asian
versus American diet. The typical American diet contained much
less selenium and much more polyunsaturated fats than the Asian
diet. Because the breast cancer rate is considerably lower among
Asian populations, it was suggested that diets rich in selenium
and low in polyunsaturated fats play an important role in the
prevention of this disease.
In addition to its benefits in breast cancer, it
is also important for women to be aware that selenium requirements
increase during pregnancy, particularly in the later stages. Babies
with low birth weight have low levels of the mineral in their
bodies. Low selenium levels in newborns has been linked to sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS). In areas where the soil content
of selenium is lowest, the SIDS rate is much higher.
Supplemental selenium has shown to be effective
for a variety of conditions. Even persons with normal levels of
the mineral have shown improvements in immune system functioning
after taking selenium supplements. In combination with Vitamin
E, these supplements work to relieve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
In both oral and topical form, selenium protects the skin from
ultraviolet radiation. This can cause both acute and chronic skin
damage. One researcher argues that a selenium intake of 100 mcg
daily (doubled for those with a history of cancer) in the form
of L-selenomethionine reduces the risk of skin cancer. However,
until more is known about its toxicity, an adult should restrict
daily intake to no more than 200 mcg unless under a physician's
supervision.
Selenium supplementation increases glutathione peroxidase
activity. This antioxidant enzyme is dependent on selenium and
works with other antioxidants to combat free radicals. Glutathione
peroxidase is involved in the formation and function of white
blood cells, contributing to a healthy immune system. This same
enzyme also prevents free radicals from inducing cancer-promoting
cell damage, and is seen as an important factor in maintaining
a healthy heart. This is especially important for smokers. It
is often recommended as part of the treatment for post-heart attack
patients. According to researchers at Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm,
Sweden, the increase of glutathione peroxidase may also help counteract
the inflammation and disordered respiration associated with asthma.3
1. Schrauzer G, 1974, as cited in Passwater, The
New Supernutrition, 1991, 125.
2. Wilson C, FASEB news briefs; Chem. Eng. News
12 (May 3, 1976).
3. Hasselmark L, Malmgren R, Zetterstrom O, et al:
Selenium supplementation in intrinsic asthma. Allergy 1993;48:30-36.
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