• Supplements are chemical substances that are neither vitamins nor minerals, but they have received notice as nutritional supplements. Some supplements have similar effects as vitamins and minerals. There is some debate if supplements like coenzyme Q-10, the essential fatty acids, and flavonoids should be promoted to vitamin status. Other nutritional supplements, such as melatonin and acidophilus, are not considered essential because they are found in the body. However, under certain conditions when body levels are out of balance, additional amounts may be needed through supplements. Still other supplements are derived from natural plant or food sources with important health benefits and provide excellent alternative sources of vitamins and minerals because they contain high amounts of them.

• Some supplements have proven effects in the body but in some countries may not yet have proved safe and effective when taken in pill or capsule form to supplement normal food intake. Speculated benefits and claims frequently go beyond what can be proved at present. These include anti-aging properties and claims that substances improve and preserve health. Research into these claims is ongoing.